In a linear regression, what is the variable that is being affected referred to?

In a linear regression analysis, the variable that is being affected and is the primary focus of the study is referred to as the dependent variable. This variable represents the outcome that researchers are trying to predict or explain based on changes or variations in one or more independent variables.

For instance, if you are studying the effect of study hours on exam scores, the exam score is the dependent variable, as it is the outcome influenced by the amount of study time (the independent variable). This relationship illustrates how changes in the independent variable are expected to lead to changes in the dependent variable, providing insight into the dynamics being investigated.

In contrast, the independent variable is the one manipulated or varied to observe the effect on the dependent variable. Predictor variables may serve similar functions to independent variables in terms of their role in predicting the dependent variable. Control variables are additional variables that researchers account for to minimize their impact and isolate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Thus, understanding the role of the dependent variable is crucial for grasping the overall purpose and function of linear regression analysis.