What type of design does a one-way between groups ANOVA analyze?

A one-way between groups ANOVA specifically analyzes data from multiple groups to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means of these groups. This design is used when there is one independent variable with two or more levels (groups), and participants are assigned to only one of those groups. It allows researchers to test hypotheses regarding the effects of a single factor across different populations or conditions.

In contrast, repeated measures design involves the same subjects being exposed to all levels of the independent variable, which is not applicable to a one-way between groups ANOVA. The cross-sectional design examines different subjects at a single point in time, while longitudinal design studies the same subjects over a period. Neither of these designs fits the criteria for a one-way between groups ANOVA, emphasizing why the correct identification of this design as analyzing multiple groups is essential.